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Deshpande, R. S.
- Colouration in Natural Beryls: A Spectroscopic Investigation
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Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
2 Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai - 400 076, IN
3 Isotope Division, Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai - 400 085, IN
1 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
2 Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai - 400 076, IN
3 Isotope Division, Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai - 400 085, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 56, No 3 (2000), Pagination: 285-303Abstract
Beryl samples from Badmal mines, Orissa were studied by electron spin resonance, optical absorption and Mossbauer spectroscopy. It was found that on artificial irradiation, colourless beryls from Orissa turned to shades of yellow-green. On subsequent heating at 300°C, the hue changed to yellow and upon further heating at controlled conditions they turned to a more desirable sky blue, accounting for value addition. Continued heating above 500°C, however, rendered them colourless. Similar studies were also canied out on natural yellow, blue and green beryls from Orissa, all of which acquired a greenish hue on irradiation and turned colourless on heating to >500°C. Electron probe microanaiysis of beryls showed iron as the major transition element impurity, ranging in concentration between 0.5 to 0.7wt%. Investigations using electron spin resonance, optical absorption spectroscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy reveal that colours produced were on account of Maxixe-type defect centres as well as radiation-induced oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ ion and associated charge transfer process. It is interesting to note that the yellow and blue colour produced on irradiation as well as post irradiation heating showed similar hue to that of the natural ones, both having formed on account of similar charge transfer process. Thus, it can be inferred that natural yellow, blue and green colours in beryls comprising low iron impurities are due to prolonged irradiation in nature.Keywords
Beryl, Colour, Irradiation, Heating, Electron Spin Resonance, Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Orissa.- Indebtedness among Agricultural Labourers from Deprived Castes: Towards an Explanation
Abstract Views :340 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Unit, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore-72, IN
2 Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Unit, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore-72, ID
1 Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Unit, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore-72, IN
2 Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Unit, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore-72, ID
Source
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 43, No 1-2 (2001), Pagination: 159-172Abstract
India's largest share of poor is located among agricultural labourers belonging to Scheduled Castes. The poverty in this group persists and gets perpetuated due to continued discrimination in the employment opportunities and wage market. Owing to the low wages, they are perceptually under debt burden. This issue becomes sharp due to interlocking of labour and credit market. The insignificant participation of this group in the formal credit market makes the situation worse. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyse the indebtedness and market participatian of the deprived castes especially on the background of one of the most radical institutianal changes, i.e., lanf reforms. We have used secondary level information available from different sources in order to analyse the issue. The study concludes that due to marginalisation in land market as well as extremely weak bargaining position in the labour market, the indebteduess of this group has been increasing. This situation is aggravated by the relative neglect of this group by formal credit agencies.- An Appraisal of Watershed Development Programme across Regions in India
Abstract Views :404 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Unit, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore - 560 072, IN
2 Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (Deemed to be a University). Pune - 411 004, IN
1 Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Unit, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore - 560 072, IN
2 Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (Deemed to be a University). Pune - 411 004, IN
Source
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 41, No 4 (1999), Pagination: 315-415Abstract
With the positive and firm steps towards liberalisation, the policy towards agricultural development in India has more complex problems to deal with than ever before. Infrastructural development takes equal priority as that of the development of the bypassed regions, crops and peasant classes which did not receive the benefits of the technological change of mid-sixties.- Economics of Drip Irrigation: A Comparative Study of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu
Abstract Views :407 |
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Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 40, No 1 (1998), Pagination: 71-78Abstract
Over-exploitation of water resource due to the inefficient use has caused deep concern during the last two decades. This is common across the sources of irrigation. The dilemma of the situation is that on the one side we have the fast increasing density of wells/canal systems causing stress on water resources and on the other side stands the largely salinated land mass. The only reason for these two is the inefficiency in use of water for irrigation. Resouroe literacy. proper pricing policy or legislating access to water are a few methods suggested to control the use rates. On the technology front however, we have different methods of irrigation which directly control the water delivery System. In the eighth plan a centrally sponsored scheme on 'Use of Plastics' in Agriculture' was launched to promote plastic in agriculture. Drip irrigation method has been one of them. It is also referred to as 'micro irrigation' along with the other such methods like sprinkler irrigation perforated pipes etc. Initially drip irrigation was used under water stress conditions to vegetable crops and using this Israel could achieve high productivity growth.- Water Management and Watershed Development Technology
Abstract Views :397 |
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Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 39, No 3 (1997), Pagination: 253-256Abstract
Some of the recent debates on development theories have broughtforth the neccessity to strengthen the theoretical and empirical analysis in the precincts of resource economics. In the theoretical development of the resource economics, common property resources as well as the open access resources pose a great challenge due to the use rntes and pricing policies. The environmental cost of the uneconomic use rates has assumed threatening proportions.- Impact of Watershed Development Programme: Experiences and Issues
Abstract Views :430 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, IN
1 Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, IN
Source
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 39, No 3 (1997), Pagination: 374-390Abstract
Water management in irrigated area is quite a different task as compared to that under rainfed regions. Here it becomes essentially a component of resource planning. Watershed management programmes undertaken with the government and non-governmental initiatives have shown excellent results towards resource conservation, as well as, monitoring the use rates. The present paper applies a system approach framework to analyse the impoct of watershed management in Maharashtra. The paper gives a complete framework for such analysis and discusses If case study of the National Watershed Development Programme of Maharashtra. The impact analysis helped in bringing out the positive externalities and point out towards the minimisation of entropy in the production process. The paper concludes on a need for conducive institutional structure to achieve this.- Session - III
Abstract Views :331 |
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Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 39, No 3 (1997), Pagination: 391-392Abstract
Studies on watershed management under surface and groundwater irrigation have focussed on the analyses from two distinct perspectives. Firstly, the environmental perspective, which mainly arises out of the mismanagement (or generally overuse) of water. This has been a subject of debate for long. Almost a consensus has been reached to underscore the irrigational overuse of water both under the surface and groundwater irrigation systems.- Impact of National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) in Maharashtra
Abstract Views :362 |
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Source
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 37, No 3 (1995), Pagination: 301-303Abstract
National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) vas introduced during the Seventh Five Year Plan. The main objective of the programme was to stabilize the productivity in rainfed areas and to conserve as well as upgrade the land and water resources. The programme was reviewed during 1990 and fresh guidelines were issued focusing on holistic intergrated approach towards the watershed treatment components. The participation of the beneficiaries and project planning, were incorporated as the important components. It was felt necessary to review the impact of the NWDPRA on various aspects of the agricultural economy. The present study was undertaken to analyse the impact of NWDPRA on various aspects of the agricultural sector and to give a feedback for the effective implementation of the project.- Watershed Development Approach in Fragile Resource Region : An Analytical Study of Maharashtra
Abstract Views :369 |
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Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 36, No 3 (1994), Pagination: 296-304Abstract
Experience of agricultural development in the country suggests wide regional differentials in the growth performance, along with a serious neglect of the balance of ecosystem. Large portions of Maharashtra situated on the Deccan Plateau are the fragile eco-regions by passed by technology. These areas contribute a sizable share to the food grain economy of the state.- Treatment of Uncultivated Land Under Watershed Development Approach : Institutional and Economic Aspects
Abstract Views :356 |
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Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 35, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 1-21Abstract
This paper primarily deals with the symbiotic relationship between cultivated and uncultivated lands under watershed development approach. One of the dominant variables which is a cause as well as offers solution to the problem of land degradation is the type of ownership of land. In a cross section of four situations, two with different administrative perspective and the other two with local participation offer clues to the problem of the treatment of degraded lands. Even in a watershed development approach care has to be taken of the cross institutional perspectives.- Impact of Non - Government Organisations on Agricultural Development by Shri
Abstract Views :358 |
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Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 36, No 2 (1994), Pagination: 172-177Abstract
India has a long tradition of voluntarism. The principles of self-help and development from within, were the key words at the time of independence. Over the last four and half decades there is a continuous attempt to incorporate this in our development philosophy.- Agricultural Development Perspective: A Review of Three Approaches
Abstract Views :350 |
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Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 34, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 86-94Abstract
Sustainability of the level of growth, changes experienced in the structure of this growth and the overall reforms in the economic policy have together brought the agricultural policy perspectives at cross roads. Sustainability here would mean the capability of maintaining the present level of growth without affecting the eco-structure (Pearce, 1988). Therefore, the management of this situation under present conditions is entirely different compared to those confronted in mid-sixties or in early seventies. In the absence of any long term policy document for the most important sector of the economy, the directions are (unfortunately) received from the exogenous factors. Hence, a look in retrospect of the developmental patterns of agricultural sector becomes necessary.- Growth and Instability in Maharashtra Agriculture
Abstract Views :427 |
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Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 30, No 4 (1988), Pagination: 317-339Abstract
Instability is one of the important decision parameters In development dynamics and more so in the context of agricultural development. The nature and behavior of the growth-instability relation changes according to the eco-environmental situations. In particular this assumes added importance when it emerges in the context of new technology and especially in a situation like Maharashtra, where the troughs in agricultural production are severe as compared to other similar regions. Moreover, Maharashtra presents an interesting regional contrast with vast drought-prone tracts spanning over about twelve districts.- Land Reforms and Agrarian Structure in Maharashtra
Abstract Views :172 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 ADRT Unit in the Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 560 072, IN
1 ADRT Unit in the Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 560 072, IN